• Built-in Data Types
• Numbers: int, float, complex
• Type Conversion & Casting
• Boolean Logic
• Operators: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Bitwise, Assignment
• Operator Precedence
Project: Build a basic grade calculator with dynamic type casting

• String Creation, Indexing, Slicing
• String Operations & Formatting
• Escape Sequences
• String Methods (lower(), replace(), split(), etc.)
Project: Password strength checker or email pattern validator

• Creating & Modifying Lists
• Indexing, Slicing, Adding, Removing Items
• List Comprehension
• Common Methods (sort(), append(), etc.)
Project: To-Do List Manager with menu-driven options

• Creating and Accessing Tuples
• Tuple Immutability
• Unpacking & Operations
Project: Student data record using tuples (with unpacking)

• Creating Sets, Set Operations
• Add/Remove Items
• Set Methods (union, intersection, etc.)
Project: Duplicate detector from a list using sets

• Creating Dictionaries
• Accessing/Modifying/Deleting Items
• Dictionary Methods (get(), update(), etc.)
• Nested Dictionaries
Project: Mini contact book using dictionaries

• if, if-else, elif, and nested if
• Logical Operators (and, or, not)
Project: Login system with multi-condition access

• for and while Loops
• Nested Loops
• Control Statements (break, continue, pass)
Project: Prime number finder and number pattern generator

• Defining and Calling Functions
• Parameters & Arguments
• return Statement
• Recursive Functions
Project: Factorial calculator (using recursion and iteration)

• What is a Module?
• Importing Modules (math, random, etc.)
• Creating Custom Modules
• Python Packages
• __name__ == "__main__" usage
Project: Build your own module with reusable utility functions

• Classes & Objects
• The self Parameter
• Constructors (init)
• Instance vs Class Variables
• Inheritance (Single, Multiple, Multilevel)
• Method Overriding
• Encapsulation & Abstraction
Project: Banking system with classes, inheritance, and account operations

• Iterators and Generators
• Working with JSON (load, dump)
• Error Handling: try, except, finally, raise
• Date and Time (datetime, time)
• Installing packages with pip
• Using Virtual Environments (venv)

Projects:

1. Expense Tracker (JSON storage)
2. Log Parser with timestamp filters

• Reading and Writing Files
• File Modes (r, w, a, x, b)
• Using with Statement
• Working with CSV Files
• File/Directory Handling with os Module
Project: Attendance or sales data manager (text & CSV)